Accurate State of Health (SoH) prediction is a crucial indicator to the safe and reliable management of lithium-ion battery. To diagnose the health, data-driven schemes are used in both standalone and hybrid structures. However, traditional methods often face challenges such as vanishing gradients, raises issue to learn to preserve data over multiple timesteps and difficult to capture in long-term dependencies in time-series data. Such limitations are addressed with Nonlinear Autoregressive Model with External Input (NARX) Attention-Based Gated Recurrent Unit (NARXGRU-A) and NARX recurrent neural network to predict the capacity of the battery. These models are assessed using open-source datasets to estimate SoH for multi-cycle ahead capacity prediction based on average charge–discharge cycle data. Among the evaluated techniques, NARXGRU-A demonstrates superior performance and is employed for real-time data. However, real data acquisition is time-consuming. To address this challenge, synthetic data is generated by generative adversarial networks from limited real data. Findings show the proposed NARXGRU-A model exhibits better performance over other techniques to multiple data sets with error metrics of less than 1%. These findings highlight strong prognostic capabilities of the model for multi-step, long-horizon SoH prediction to the battery capacity.

Concerning the power quality issues in the power distribution network due to load uncertainties and improper impedance matching of the inductances, deep reinforced learning (DRL)-based inductively coupled DSTATCOM (IC-DSTATCOM) is proposed. First, by analyzing the impedance matching principle, the expression of source, load and filter current is derived with the help of inductive filtering transformer. And second, an individual DRL subnet structure is accumulated for each phase using mathematical equations to perform the better dynamic response. A 10-kVA, 230-V, 50-Hz prototype direct coupled distributed static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM) and IC-DSTATCOM experimental setup is buit to verify the experimental performance under uncertainties of loading. The IC-DSTATCOM is augmented better dynamic performance in terms of harmonics curtailment, improvement in power factor, load balancing, potential regulation, etc. The benchmark IEEE-519-2017, IEC-61727 and IEC-61000-1 grid code are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the simulation and experimental study.

The Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is being recognized as a shunt compensator in the power distribution networks (PDN). In this research study, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is deployed with DSTATCOM to augment the assortment compensation capability with reduced DC link voltage. The proposed SMES is characterized by a DC-DC converter with different circuit elements like one inductor, two diodes and two insulated gate bipolar transistors. The Deep Bayesian Active Learning algorithm is suggested to operate SMES supported DSTATCOM for the elimination of harmonics under different loading scenarios. Apart from this, the other benefits like improvement in power factor, load balancing, potential regulation are attained. The simulation studies obtained from the proposed method demonstrates the correctness of the design and analysis compared to the DSTATCOM. To show the power quality effectiveness, balanced and unbalanced loading are considered for the shunt compensation as per the guidelines imposed by IEEE-519-2017 and IEC- 61000-1 grid code.

Green energy and clean power are the recent trends of modern power distribution networks (PDN). In recent years, great attention has been focused on T type inverters due to their advantages over conventional voltage source inverters (VSI), such as fault-tolerant, overload capability, less total harmonic distortion (THD), better output waveform and high efficiency. An inductor coupled T type (IC-T type) inverter-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is built for active power filtering of 3-phase 3-wire PDN connected nonlinear load in this paper. The proposed topology is composed of three inductors connected between the VSI and common source. The proposed PDN is obstructed by the DSTATCOM using icos control algorithm for the inverter DC link voltage reduction, filter inductor rating minimization, decreasing the switching stress, increasing the life span of an inverter, reliable operation, stress balancing, loss reduction and increase in efficiency. Apart from these, other improvements such as power factor (PF) correction, better voltage regulation, harmonics reduction and load balancing are obtained. The efficacy of the IC-T type inverter in different loading scenarios is justified using MATLAB/Simulink software captivating in reflection of the IEEE-514-2017 and IEC-61000-1-3 benchmark.

The directly coupled distributed static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM) is often utilized to achieve better power quality (PQ) in the power distribution network (PDN). However, this compensator faced challenges like poor adaptability performance and more maintenance costs due to the integration of several types of energy resources. To overcome the above-said limitations, the inductively coupled distributed static compensator (IC-DSTATCOM) using Deep Belief Learning Network (DBLN) technique is proposed. The power transfer capability of the IC-DSTATCOM is examined by considering the impedance matching principle of the distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM), source and load. Besides this, the dependent parameters are combined with the convergence factor and learning rate to achieve the approximate tuned weight by using the suggested learning mechanism. The generalized mathematical equations are illustrated using MATLAB/Simulink to generate the switching pulses. The simulation studies of both DC-DSTATCOM & IC-DSTATCOM are performed to evaluate the transient behaviour and robustness under different states of loading. The proposed system is augmented with a superior performance in terms of harmonics curtailment, improvement in power factor (p.f), load balancing, potential regulation etc. The international standard regulatory guidelines IEEE-519–2017 and IEC- 61,000–1 are imposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the simulation and d-SPACE-based experimental study.

In low and medium voltage distribution networks, the LCL integrated conventional converter based distributed static compensator (D-Statcom) has shown to be a practical solution for shunt compensation. Despite numerous efforts in this area, the traditional control approach still has a number of issues. This article describes the development of LCL integrated D-Statcom for shunt compensation utilizing a deep learning technique. The voltage source converter (VSC) and LCL filter are included in the new framework. The operation and control of the distribution network are directly impacted by the proposed system’s performance. MATLAB Simulink software and an experimental research based on d-SPACE are used to demonstrate the synchronization, which solves current related power quality (PQ) issues such as poor power factor (p.f.), current harmonics, unbalanced voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and poor voltage regulation. In order to provide precise reference currents for control, the deep learning technique is used to monitor the essential active and reactive components of load currents. Furthermore, it precisely ascertains the remaining constituents, attaining a swifter transient reaction and superior system stability. Comparisons are then made between VSC and LCL integrated VSC using deep learning technique by considering the implementation procedure. With a lower DC-link voltage and a smaller converter power rating, the LCL integrated VSC system improves PQ of distribution network more than the VSC.

This article proposes the shunt compensation capability improvement using a deep belief learning network approach (DBLN) with anti-wind-up regulator-supported distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). Six subnets make up this proposed DBLN controller. Three subnets for each active and reactive mass part are employed to isolate the basic component of the output current. Numerous issues such as past and normalising weight and learning rates are engaged in the DBLN-based weight-updating formula to have a superior dynamic presence, reduce the computational load and achievesfaster estimation, etc. This proposed DBLN is suggested for both proportional-integral (PI) and anti-wind-up regulator to showcase the better DC link voltage which further leads to providing better PQ improvement. This method offers excellent dynamics and resilience to outside disturbances. The suggested study is examined by simulation and experimental development using MATLAB/Simulink by a real-time interface based on a dSPACE 1104 for healthier potential regulation, potential balancing, input current harmonic distortion and PF correction under different load scenarios.

This article is mainly based on model feature and designing a control approach for 3-ϕ three wire (3P3W) static compensator (DSTATCOM) by incorporating gradient descent back-propagation through momentum (GDBPM) suggested icosϕ algorithm. The suggested organized approach is implemented within MATLAB/Simulink Environment with the help of mathematical investigation with an appropriate learning rate and momentum behavior. This control technique follows the systematic process for obtaining the basic loading values of the active and reactive power, and those are necessary for efficiently generating perception currents. Harmonic dampening, voltage regulation profile, power factor improvement, balancing of load, and rating of VSC are presented under different conditions of load. In this work, instantaneous digital-simulator (RTD-S) is used for existing centralization of DSTATCOM. The effectiveness of a DSTATCOM among the anticipated control approach originates to be satisfactory and follows the standards of IEEE-519 and IEC-61000-3.

This study clarifies the feasibility of implementing a machine learning (ML)-oriented cascaded inductively coupled distributed static compensator for power quality (PQ) enhancement. The issues involved in declining the power quality (PQ) using a cascaded direct coupled static compensator (CDC-DSTATCOM) were identified as a hazardous disappointment. Hence, to improve the quality, the coupling transformer is served in unification with CDC-DSTATCOM. Also, the recent growth of machine learning (ML) systems and the progression of computational resources, with unpredicted data obtainability, have inspired the researchers. In this study, density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) is employed by using its own learning mechanism (LM) using MATLAB/Simulink. This controller is composed of six subnets, with six being used for active tuned weight extraction, while only three are allocated to the reactive part. Among them, six subnets are employed for active tuned weight extraction whereas other three subnets are used for reactive part. Moreover, the above-said devices are triggered with the help of generated reference supply current. To illustrate how CDC-DSTATCOM and CIC-DSTATCOM work, we take a close look at a real-world case study. In conclusion, the CIC-DSTATCOM is enhanced in a more healthful way than others in terms of reducing harmonics, improving power factor, balancing loads, regulating potential, etc.

This article demonstrates the performance of back-to-back connected voltage source inverter (BTB-VSI)-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). In the proposed system, a three-phase three wire electrical utility system (EUS) is integrated with distributed energy resources (DER) through BTB-VSI. It has drawn more attention due to enhanced active power filtering, simple design procedure and performs reliable operation. The objectives of the research work is to provide clean power for weak EUS with improved power quality (PQ) such as, better voltage regulation, improved power factor (P.F), reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), balanced voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and better optimal active power flow control (OAPFC), and so on. An artificial neurocontrol technique Kernel Hebbian Least Mean Square (KHLMS) is chosen to determine the accurate reference source current for operation of voltage source inverter (VSI). The BTB-VSI performance is investigated on both shunt compensation and OAPFC. The proposed system is converted to a simulation model and hardware unit using MATLAB/Simulink software and SPARTAN−6 field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) controller. Finally, the Simulation and experimental results illustrate that the shunt compensating ability with OAPFC of BTB-VSI performs better over VSI as per IEEE Std 1159–2019 grid code.

This article proposes an adaptive Kernel-Hebbian least mean square (KHLMS) controller for a dual voltage source inverter (VSI). The recommended topology consists of a distributed energy resource (DER) supported VSI called main VSI (MVSI) and split capacitor supported VSI termed as auxiliary VSI (AVSI). Both the MVSI and AVSI are used to serve the shunt compensation when DER is not integrated with MVSI. The DER scenario is considered to suppress the active power flow shortage in the utility grid. Here, optimal active power flow control (OAPFC) is managed by MVSI and shunt compensation is achieved by AVSI during DER operated mode. Hence, a dual VSI based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) facilitates the configuration merits such as reduction in system downtime cost, filter rating switching stress etc. Supremacy of both the neural network (NN) based controller and topology is presented by comparing VSI (called AVSI) in the context of harmonic reduction in source side, voltage balancing, power factor (PF) enhancement, better voltage regulation and OAPFC. The experimental results are obtained through field programmable gate array (FPGA) based hardware units which exhibit radical improvement in the power quality (PQ) conferring as per the international standard grid code (IEEE-519-2017).

The voltage source active power filter (VS-APF) is being significantly improved the dynamic performance in the power distribution networks (PDN). In this paper, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is deployed with VS-APF to increase the range of the shunt compensation with reduced DC link voltage. The proposed SMES is characterized by the physical parameter, inductive coil, diodes and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The deep Q- learning (DQL) algorithm is suggested to operate SMES based VS-APF for the elimination of harmonics under different loading scenarios. Apart from this, the other benefits like improvement in power factor (PF), load balancing, potential regulation are attained. The simulation studies obtained from the proposed method demonstrates the correctness of the design and analysis compared to the VS-APF. To show the power quality (PQ) effectiveness, balanced and unbalanced loading are considered for the shunt compensation as per the guidelines imposed by IEEE-519-2017 and IEC-61000-1 grid code by using dSPACE-1104-based experimental study.

In this research work, two Back to Back connected 2-level voltage source inverters (BBC-VSI) under three phase three wire weak utility grid is examined. Generally, the challenges addressed in the modern utility grid are end users’ nonlinear loads and dependency on conventional energy sources. The end users’ nonlinear loads generate power quality (PQ) issues and dependency on conventional energy sources raises environment pollution and economic crises. The BBC-VSI based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) topology consists of two voltage source inverters (VSIs) supplied by a distributed energy resources (DERs) supported common DC-link capacitor. A sparse least mean squares (SLMS) technique is selected for generating the pulses IGBTs. The SLMS technique offers high estimation speed, less than one cycle weight convergence, fast transient response and small error in steady state over conventional technique. A holistic comparison is performed between the BBC-VSI and VSI using the field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) SPARTAN-6 control board regarding optimal power flow control, which shows the BBC-VSI is competitive. Also, it is authenticated under different conditions like source current shaping before and after compensation, source power failure, DER power fluctuation, nonlinear load variation, etc., which are naturally encountered in a modern utility grid.

This study presents the design and functional performance of Cross Least Mean Square (X-LMS) neural network based distributed static compensator for shunt compensation. First, considering the adaptive least mean square (ALMS) technique, harmonics correction, power factor (p.f) upgrading, load balancing, and voltage regulation at the supply bus are attained. Second, based on the X-LMS principle, active and reactive components of load current by updating their respective weights are mathematically analyzed. The main objective is to extract the tuned weighted values of fundamental active and reactive power components of distorted load currents using the suggested adaptive principle. The X-LMS exhibits better convergence speed provides a significant computational saving and avoids the additional filtering needed with the ALMS structure. Finally, the X-LMS model is built using MATLAB/Simulink for simulation study and validated experimentally by d-SPACE laboratory setup results. The parameter design of X-LMS can be used to improve the harmonic reduction with other compensation performances to showcase better power quality of the distribution utility.

This paper establishes inductor coupled T-type voltage source inverter (ICT-VSI) supported distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for enhancement of power quality (PQ). The ICT-VSI utilized a inductor network in between the two section of T-type voltage source inverter (T-VSI); for three-phase three-wire (3-P 3-W) electrical utility system, it is established as a power conditioner. The new topology produces a balanced voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) with good quality and low total harmonic distortion (THD) source currents, which improves the power quality (PQ) in 3-P 3-W traditional electrical utility system. The comparative evaluations of T-VSI with ICT-VSI are presented in the literature and the strength and effectiveness of the ICT-VSI is verified by simulations using MATLAB/Simulink environment. Finally, justified the advantages of the ICT-VSI on the base of PQ issues considering the standard value of IEEE-2030-7-2017 & IEC-61000-1 grid code.

In this research paper, a Thyristor controlled reactor supported inductively coupled hybrid distributed static compensator (ICH-DSTATCOM) for three-phase three-wire (3P3W) distribution system (DS) is planned. The hybrid distributed static compensator (H-DSTATCOM) is a hot topic among scientists studying power quality (PQ) problems. The majority of published papers, however, avoid discussing H-DSTATCOM design. This paper proposes a design of a distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) utilised to compensate for an uncontrolled rectifier load jointed to a 3P3W network. The filtering mechanism is performed by inductively coupled voltage source converter using the deep learning approach. The Thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) is incorporated in series with compensator inductance. The detailed design of TCR for the elimination of error caused by the system unbalance is discussed by using the mathematical equations. The MATLAB/ Simulation outcomes show that enhanced potential control & balancing, harmonic mitigation, and good power factor (pf) with the proposed topology as per the guidelines imposed by IEEE-519-2017.

In this paper, a Z-source inverter (ZSI) and back to back connected Z-source inverter (BB-ZSI) are presented for power quality (PQ) upgrading in a power distribution network (PDN). It is noticed from previous research that the ZSI has some drawbacks like low voltage boost gain and weak active power filtering. But BB-ZSI possesses a high modulation index and stronger voltage boost inversion ability. Compared to ZSI, BB-ZSI supports a common dc link voltage for both back to back connected ZSIs. This research work analyses the PQ enhancement capability of ZSI and BB-ZSI based distribution static compensators (DSTATCOM) like supply side distortion reduction, enhanced voltage regulation, reduced switching losses, power factor (p.f) correction and balanced system voltage. Both ZSI and BB-ZSI are operated using adaptive least mean square (ALMS) control techniques which reflect the enhancement of PQ and reliability. The theoretical studies of the BB-ZSI show a close match with simulation results with the help of MATLAB-Simulink software capturing the reflection of the paradigm value of the IEEE grid code.

This research study explains the feasibility of implementing machine learning (ML) oriented inductively coupled distributed static compensator (IC-DSTATCOM) for power quality (PQ) enhancement. The issue involved in declining the power quality (PQ) using direct coupled static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM) was identified as a hazardous disappointment. Hence, to improve the quality, coupling transformer is served in unification with DC-DSTATCOM. Also, the recent growth of machine learning (ML) systems and progression of computational resources, with unpredicted data obtainability, has inspired the researchers. In this study, density based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) is employed by using its own learning mechanism (LM) using MATLAB/ Simulink. This controller contains six subnets. Among them, six subnets are employed for active tuned weight extraction whereas other three subnets are used for reactive part. Moreover, the abovesaid devices are triggered with the help of generated reference supply current. A case education is reviewed in detail to demonstrate the operation of both DC-DSTATCOM & IC-DSTATCOM. Finally, the IC-DSTATCOM is amplified healthier as compared to other in terms of harmonics shortening, upgrading in power factor, load balancing, and potential regulation etc. To examine the effectiveness, simulation outputs of the IC-DSTATCOM is presented by following the benchmark measure of IEEE-2030-7-2017 and IEC-61000-1 grid code

This paper presents the extended version of the impedance source inverter (ZSI), which is recognized as a transformer integrated ZSI (Trans-ZSI). The configuration of Trans-ZSI consists of a ZSI, transformer and one capacitor. The designed Trans-ZSI has a small shoot-through duty ratio with fewer components. The suggested topology has the ability to balance the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) of the electrical distribution system (EDS) with the improvement of power quality (PQ) like enhanced voltage regulation, improvement in power factor (p.f), switching stress reduction and supply current distortion reduction. The operation of Trans-ZSI based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) performs reasonable shunt compensation. The principle operation of the Trans-ZSI is described in detail by mathematical analysis. Finally, the strength and effectiveness of the Trans-ZSI based DSTATCOM are verified by simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software. The comparative evaluations of ZSI with Trans-ZSI are presented in the literature to justify the advantages of the Trans-ZSI. The PQ issues mitigation comparisons are also performed considering the standard grid code (IEEE-2030-7-2017).

This paper presents a dual voltage source inverter (DVSI)-based Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) to enhance the power quality in the power utility system (PUS). The proposed DSTATCOM consists of two numbers of two-level voltage source inverters (VSI) which controls the reactive power. One of them is regarded as the main voltage source inverter (MVSI) and the other is considered as auxiliary voltage source inverter (AVSI). The (Formula presented.) control algorithm is employed to generate the reference source currents as well as switching pulses. The detailed control algorithm is formulated by mathematical analysis using MATLAB/Simulink, and compared with different case studies. Among all the theoretical findings, the DVSI offers better voltage regulation, voltage balancing, source current harmonic reduction and power factor correction under various loading scenarios. Apart from these, reliability, stress balancing of the both MVSI and AVSI, cost reduction due to a decrease in the filter size and better operation of PUS is obtained. To check the effectiveness, the performance of the DVSI-based DSTATCOM is carried out as per the benchmark value of the IEEE-519-2014 and IEC-61000-1 grid code.

This research study explains the design and performance of a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) coupled Hybrid Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) for low voltage power distribution system (PDS). A comparative analysisis done between Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)-based DSTATCOM and SVC Hybrid DSTATCOM using Jordan Least Mean Square (JLMS) algorithm to alleviate the shunt-related power quality (PQ) glitches. The specific design is obtained as compared to the existing neural network toolbox algorithm to improve the estimation speed and accuracy. The main objective is to extract the tuned weighted values of fundamental active and reactive power components of distorted load currents for the switching signal generation using an adaptive JLMS algorithm.Several functions of DSTATCOM and hybrid DSTATCOM using this JLMS controller are showcased for harmonics curtailment, power factor (p.f.) improvement, load balancing, voltage regulation, etc. Simulation results on an SVC Hybrid DSTATCOM have shown an acceptable level of performance under unbalanced loading situations. Finally, some comparative results are provided to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the suggested topology.

This paper demonstrates the control and operation of dual voltage source inverter (DVSI)-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in a three-phase three-wire distribution system. In this paper, a neural network-based control algorithm known as the Sparse Least Mean Square (SLMS) technique is employed to enhance the power quality (PQ) of the system. The proposed topology is built using a two-level two-voltage source inverter (VSI), where one inverter is marked as VSI-1 supported by distributed energy resource (DER) DC link. The other one is represented as VSI-2 supplied by self-supported capacitor DC link. The proposed system automatically senses the DER power generation and performs multi-operation such as PQ as well as optimal active power flow. The observations of the DVSI and VSI are carried out using an FPGA SPARTAN-6 controller-based experimental setup where the solutions are taken into consideration of the permissible standard grid code.

In this article, a neural network (NN)-based control strategy is utilized for the voltage source inverter (VSI) and combined with an appropriate transformer to enhance the shunt compensation capability and improve the reliable operation. The transformer-interfaced VSI (T-I-VSI)-based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) exhibits unique advantages, such as boost capability (secondary of transformer is star connected), reduced voltage stress, and simple circuit operation to produce distortion-free sinusoidal current waveform. An efficient approach is for improving active power filtering like increase in reactive power compensation capability, harmonic reduction, power factor (p.f) improvement, voltage balancing, and better voltage regulation in three-phase electrical distribution system using T-I-VSI-based adaptive least mean square NN algorithms. Finally, the strength and effectiveness of the T-I-VSI is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink software and also, experimental investigation using hardware setup and SPARTAN-6 field-programmable gate arrays controller. The power quality issues mitigation comparisons are also performed considering the standard value of the IEEE-2030-7-2017 and IEC- 61000-1 grid code.

This paper explains the experimental study of a distributed energy resource (DER) integrated three-phase, three-wire electrical distribution system (EDS) under power quality (PQ) and optimal active power flow control (OAPFC). In this research, a back-to-back connected two-level VSI (BTB-TVSI) based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for unbalanced non-linear load is designed. The aim is to provide better OAPFC in EDS with shunt compensation to maintain a round-the-clock quality power supply for end users. The improved neural network-based adaptive least mean square (ALMS) control algorithms are employed for DSTATCOM. The ALMS control strategy is realized using the SPARTAN-6 field programmable gate array (FPGA) evaluation kit. This research involves the comparative study of a two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) and a BTB-TVSI in terms of their OAPFC capability and robustness in mitigating power quality (PQ) against source current disturbances, low power factor (PF), poor voltage regulation, unbalanced voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC), high switching stress, and issues in the EDS operation. The experimental results demonstrate that the BTB-TVSI using an ALMS controller is able to achieve better dynamic performance and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) under selected/permissible limits in comparison to a conventional VSI.

The varieties of energy structures that afford large amounts of energy to the global power economy has led to a reduced quality in the power distribution network (PDN). Most traditional methods use direct coupled distributed static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM) which is dependent on specific line parameters. Hence, it performs poor adaptability to the PDN. Aim at enhancing power quality (PQ); this study focuses on the deep belief learning network (DBLN) controlled inductively coupled distributed static compensator (IC-DSTATCOM). Considering the system variation and impact, an individual DBLN structure is accumulated for each and every phase. The weight obtained from the DBLN mechanism is caused for reference currents generation. The filtering performance of the IC-DSTATCOM is revealed better by combining the effect of the transformer and DSTATCOM impedance. So, the IC-DSTATCOM is augmented with better dynamic performance with PQ abilities as compared to DC-DSTATCOM in terms of shunt compensation such as, THD reduction, power factor (p.f.) improvement, better voltage regulation and load balancing etc. The IEEE - 2030 - 7 - 2017 and IEC - 61000 - 1 grid code are used to evaluate the effectiveness as per the benchmark value using MATLAB/Simulink

In this research paper, an inductively coupled distributed static compensator (IC-DSTATCOM) for three phase three wire (3P3W) electric power distribution system (EPDS) is proposed. The contraction of power quality (PQ) was marked as a perilous droop mode bump into direct coupled distributed static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM). To regain the PQ, inductive coupling transformer is assisted in conjunction with DC-DSTATCOM. The system equivalent circuit of IC-DSTATCOM is accomplished by take into account of impedance of both transformer and DC-DSTATCOM to reveal the filtering technique. The filtering icos∅ mechanism is performed by following the generalized mathematical approach using MATLAB/Simulink. A case education is reviewed in detail to illustrate the performance of both DC-DSTATCOM and IC-DSTATCOM. The IC-DSTATCOM is amplified healthier as compared to other in terms of harmonics shortening, good power factor, load balancing, and potential regulation. To examine the effectiveness, simulation outputs of the IC-DSTATCOM with different PQ parameter indices are presented by following the benchmark measure of IEEE-2030-7-2017 and IEC-61000-1 system code.

The power quality (PQ) improvement employing appropriate intelligent controllers is identified as a suitable solution for the dependable, safe, and stable operation in the electric utility systems (EUS). Hence, this paper proposes new types of neural network (NN) based Greedy Least Mean Square (GLMS) controllers for distributed static compensators (DSTATCOM). First, the EUS is developed by considering current source-based non linear load using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Next, both controllers are implemented by their own learning principle using embedded systems toolboxes. The proposed scheme combines different weighting factors like step size, learning rate and convergence factor to achieve the approximate tuned weight. Then, the final weighting components are achieved by adding DC and AC PI controller weights corresponding to the mean value of active/reactive weight of load currents for the triggering pattern. The proposed control algorithm provides a precise control for the system by maintaining reduced voltage across the self-braced capacitor as compared to the Adaptive Least Mean Square (ALMS) controller. The other PQ merits like better voltage regulation, load balancing, total harmonic distortion (THD) suppression, and power factor (P.F) improvement are attained. Finally, experimental results obtained from the proposed controller fulfill all the shunt-related PQ requirements as per IEEE benchmark for the different case studies.

This article presents the dual operation of distributed energy resources (DER) integrated impedance source inverter (DI-ZSI). The distribution grid, DER and variable nonlinear load are operating on two modes. In mode-1, power generated by the DER is zero or less then the load requirement and the inverter act as a voltage source inverter (VSI) for shunt compensation only. But, in mode-2, power generated by the DER greater than the load requirement and operates as a DI-ZSI based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). In this scenario, it not only acts as a shunt compensator but also inject active power to the distribution grid. An accurately tuned proportional integral with adaptive least mean square (ALMS) controller is used to generate the switching signals of inverter switches. The DI-ZSI performs stable operation in the distribution grid over a variable non-linear loading. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) SPARTAN-6 controller is used to develop the proposed system. Experimental results from DI-ZSI and VSI under variable loading highlighted the superiority of the DI-ZSI as per guidelines imposed by IEEE-2030-7-2017.

Microgrids have emerged as a feasible solution for consumers, comprising Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and local loads within a smaller geographical area. They are capable of operating either autonomously or in coordination with the main power grid. As compared to Alternating Current (AC) microgrid, Direct Current (DC) microgrid helps with grid modernisation, which enhances the integration of Distributed and Renewable energy sources, which promotes energy efficiency and reduces losses. The integration of energy storage systems (ESS) into microgrids has garnered significant attention due to the capability of ESS to store energy during periods of low demand and then provide it during periods of high demand. This research includes planning, operation, control, and protection of the DC microgrid. At the beginning of the chapter, a quick explanation of DC microgrids and their advantages over AC microgrids is provided, along with a thorough evaluation of the various concerns, control techniques, challenges, solutions, applications, and overall management prospects associated with this integration. Additionally, this study provides an analysis of future trends and real-time applications, which significantly contributes to the development of a cost-effective and durable energy storage system architecture with an extended lifespan for renewable microgrids. Therefore, providing a summary of the anticipated findings of this scholarly paper contributes to the advancement of a techno-economic and efficient integration of ESS with a prolonged lifespan for the use of green microgrids.

This research paper explains about the bidirectional controller (BC) supported inductively coupled dual buck converter (IC-DBC) based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) with passive filter (PF) for 3-ф 3-wire (3P3W) power distribution system (PDS). The most significant concern in the PDS is power quality (PQ) control. Hence, innovative approach is proposed by considering concept and benefits of BC, inductive coupled filtering transformer (IFCT), passive filter and dual buck converter. Equivalent circuit for IC-DBC based DSTATCOM is realized in view of impedance of transformer and direct coupled dual buck converter (DC-DBC) based DSTATCOM to disclose the filtering mechanism. The supremacy of the proposed DSTATCOM is introduced by comparing its simulation outcomes with DC-DBC based DSTATCOM and IC-DBC based DSTATCOM in terms of better harmonics curtailment, power factor advancement, load balancing & reduced DC link voltage compared to other approaches as per IEEE standard.

The shrinkage of power quality (PQ) was recognized as a perilous failure mode encountered in direct coupled distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). To recover the PQ, coupling transformer is served in conjunction with DSTATCOM in this research article. The system equivalent circuit of inductively coupled DSTATCOM is achieved by considering impedance of both transformer and DSTATCOM to reveal the filtering mechanism. A case study is inspected in detail to illustrate the performance of both self-supported capacitor and split capacitor interfaced inductively coupled DSTATCOM. The self-supported capacitor based inductively coupled DSTATCOM is augmented better as compared to other in terms of harmonics curtailment, improvement in power factor and potential regulation etc. Finally, MATLAB simulation results using i cos θ control strategy for unbalanced loading condition is adjudged to showcase the suitable topology as required for the public network by satisfying IEEE-519-2017 standard.

This paper demonstrates a two-level dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) and its operation using two isolated DC links for optimal multidirectional power flow in the electrical distribution system (EDS). In the suggested configuration, distributed energy resource (DER)-supported voltage source inverter marked as VSI-1 and other marked as VSI-2 which is integrated by a self-supported capacitor. An Adaptive Least-Mean-Square (ALMS) controller has been employed for the DVSI-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) on various aspects such as previous weight, normalising weight, learning rate, better dynamic response, reduced computational burden and better estimation speed. The suggested control algorithm is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink and processes through the FPGA SPARTAN-6 control board to perform the comparison between the DVSI and VSI. Among these two topologies, the experimental performance of DVSI shows better voltage regulation, source current harmonic reduction, voltage balancing and power factor correction as per the IEEE standard guidelines.

Nowadays, power conversion in single stage, enhanced active power filtering and resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI) are turning into research hotspots of impedance source inverter (ZSI). This paper explains an unique model design of parallel connected, two separate self-supported capacitor dual ZSI (DZSI)-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for 3-phase power utility system (PUS). The DZSI benefits over ZSI are realized with reduced component stress by sharing the currents, easier maintenance, modularity, plug and play facilities, higher reliability, improved power quality (PQ) and reduced total harmonic distortion (THD). This DZSI retains all the existing characteristics of ZSI with the several advantages of parallel connection. The icosø control algorithm method is proposed to generate proper switching pulses for the ZSI and DZSI-based DSTATCOM. The performance of the proposed DZSI configuration is validated with simulations carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software to reflect the standard value of the IEEE-2030.7–2017 and IEC- 61,000–1 grid code.

Power quality (PQ) enhancement is an important area of research in which all the stake holders like residential and industrial sectors are responsible to manage the power effectively and efficiently at an optimistic level. This paper suggests an improvement of PQ using Distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) for compensating the concerns of PQ in direct coupled mode. This requires a proper design and implementation of direct filtering with and without LC Filter. This is achieved using DSTATCOM in order to compensate reactive power and proper establishing its voltage magnitude and its phase angle. An important strategy of icos ϕ control has also been implemented. This icos ϕ control used as an optimal current harmonic extractor to generate the appropriate firing pulses. This algorithm has been carried out using MATLAB Simulink model. An important realistic approach using the suggested system of direct coupled distributed Static Compensator (DC-DSTATCOM) has been implemented in the power system utility (PSU) to achieve high accuracy, compatibility and flexibility as compared to other conventional approach. The comparison study is analyzed with the DC-DSTATCOM without LC connected filter and DC-DSTATCOM with LC connected filter. It is observed that the suggested system of DC-DSTATCOM with LC connected filter mode happens to be more effective in improving DC voltage regulation across the self-supported capacitor, voltage balancing at the side of PCC (point of common coupling) and decrease in harmonics at source side. This shows an enhancement of PQ attributes under different loading conditions

This study presents the comprehensive analysis of cascaded inductively coupled distributed static compensator (CIC-DSTATCOM) using icosΦ control technique for electric power distribution system (EPDS). The relevant advantages of this recommended CIC-DSTATCOM controller exhibits higher reliability, easier extension and better compensation capabilities under load perturbation. With this motivation, initially cascaded direct coupled distributed static compensator (CDC-DSTATCOM) is considered for power quality (PQ) improvement by employing icosΦ controller. The control algorithm is implemented to generate the reference current which further helps to generate the appropriate switching pulses for the DSTATCOM. Later to this, the design is extended for CIC-DSTATCOM on the same EPDS employing inductively filter converting transformer (IFCT). Supremacy of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results among both CIC-DSTATCOM and CDC-DSTATCOM. Finally, the improved performance analysis of the proposed method is carried out for harmonics reduction 3.14%, 0.99 improved power factor (PF), load balancing, and potential regulation under load varying parameters and maintained improved PQ performance within the range of benchmark value of the IEEE-2030-7-2017 and IEC-61000-1 grid data.

In this paper, an efficient space vector modulation (SVPWM) technique is implemented to a shunt active filter (SAF) for harmonic mitigation under extreme nonlinear loading. When a multilevel inverter operates as a SAF, it should be able to generate harmonic current with an extended bandwidth compared to its open-loop operation. Many conventional SVPWM techniques require higher memory for the storage of switching states, and the computation time also increases exponentially with added complexity. The proposed algorithm is valid in any typical multilevel inverter topologies, can be applied to any no. of phase and has less computational cost and also suitable for hardware implementation. The paper describes the logical approach and implementation of the suggested SVPWM algorithm. A comparison is made with two different, multilevel PWM techniques for switching of the proposed SAF. Finally, the effectiveness of the SVPWM algorithm is confirmed over simulation and experimental study.

Current harmonics are introduced in a distribution system due to the increasing utilization of nonlinear loads. Therefore, elimination of harmonics from supply current is an inevitable task to do. In this paper, an adaptive control technique called I-cos-theta (Icosθ) control algorithm along with a Kernel-based training method is proposed in a fuel cell-based Distributed STATic COMpensator (DSTATCOM) simulation for harmonic compensation. Specifically, the direct and quadrature components of the load current are extracted and retrained using the Kernel-based Icosθ control algorithm. The control algorithm is implemented to generate reference currents, and then the appropriate switching pulses for the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) of the DSTATCOM. The fuel cell is intended to maintain the DC-link voltage of the DSTATCOM during different loading conditions for power quality improvement. Further, the DC-link voltage is maintained constant at 530 V with an acceptable voltage regulation of <±16%, even under load transients and temporary supply failure conditions. Moreover, the simulation of the fuel cell-based DSTATCOM has been performed in Sim Power System (SPS)/MATLAB Simulink software. Also, a low power rated prototype is developed to verify the proposed simulation model, incorporating with the dSPACE1104 real-time environment.

Sparse least mean square algorithm is proposed for the DSTATCOM as an optimal current harmonic extractor to cope with the intermittent nature of loadings. Sparse least mean square is the improved version of adaptive least mean square learning mechanism with regards to sparsity. This innovative approach is utilized for better parameter estimation due to its algorithmic simplicity and parallel computing nature. Hence, sparse least mean square is expected to reduce the computation and storage requirements significantly. This suggested controller consists of six subnets. Three subnets for active and another three for reactive weight component are used to extract the fundamental component of the load current. Several factors like previous weight, normalizing weight and learning rate are involved in the sparse least mean square based weight-updating rule to have better dynamic performance, reduced computational burden and better estimation speed etc. The detailed control algorithm is formulated using MATLAB/Simulink, and validated using experimental analysis. Among these two algorithms, the sparse least mean square offers better voltage regulation, voltage balancing, source current harmonic reduction and power factor correction under various loading scenarios.

In this research paper, an inductively coupled distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) for three phase three wire (3P3W) electric power distribution system (PDS) is proposed. Both self and split capacitor-based topology is implemented to showcase the power quality (PQ) behaviour for the uncontrolled rectifier load. The filtering mechanism is performed by following the generalized mathematical approach for the different circuit topology-based voltage source converter (VSC) by using icos? algorithm. The MATLAB/ Simulink results prove that better potential control, potential balancing, source current harmonic reduction, and power factor correction are all benefits of the self-supported topology. Finally, the simulation analysis was completed from the proposed topology which also exposes the suitability for balanced loading state in PDS.

This research work presents, different levels of voltage source inverter (VSI) based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) in the operation of 3-phase low voltage distribution system. It examines the harmonic distortion of traditional two-level VSI (6-pulses), three-level VSI (12-pulses), five-level VSI (24-pulses) and seven-level VSI (36-pulses). This DSTATCOM is attached at the point of common coupling (PCC) of the electrical utility system (EUS) for mitigating the power quality (PQ) related problems. The main function of the used icos control technique to provide appropriate switching pulses for the semiconductor devices of VSIs, which will help the EUS to eradicate harmonics as per the IEEE-S19-2014 grid code prescribed total harmonic distortion (THD) values. The motto of this work is to select the suitable level of VSI for better performance of EUS.

The motivation of this paper is to introduce a new Hebbian least mean square control algorithm for two level self-supported voltage source converter based distributed static compensator. The Hebbian least mean square controller is employed on the various aspects such as, weight updating, direct and quadrature unit voltage template, active and reactive part of reference supply currents and switching signal generation. Firstly, a set up equations using Hebbian least mean square are premeditated to compute both active and reactive weight updating. Secondly, DC and AC proportional integral controller outputs are involved with the updating weight to generate the reference supply current. The error signal obtained from both reference and actual source current is processed through the hysteresis current controller for the gate signal firing. The MATLAB/Simulink results as well as experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm is competent to afford the better voltage regulation, voltage balancing, source current harmonic reduction and power factor correction. Finally, performance obtained from the proposed controller reveals the applicability for various loading condition in the distribution grid.

The suggested model in the paper is for exploring the electrical treeing characterization in 33kV 3core cross linked poly ethylene (XLPE) insulation. Where XLPE has found its path in HV (high voltage) insulation owing to its excellent dielectric strength, mechanical strength, and internal bonding between elements that is physical property. But aging is a vital factor for all type of insulation which is mostly affected by environmental condition that is mechanical stress and electrical stress by the formation of electrical treeing structure. Electrical tree characterization is the important phenomenon for estimation of age of insulation. So as to check the life expectancy of cable insulation study of tree growth is necessary at different voltage for different duration of time and different distance of electrode arrangement. From tree length verses time, width verses time and area of tree spread verses time gives an idea for the aging of cable insulation and pre-breakdown information. As applied voltage amplitude and applied time duration increases electrical tree length and tree spread area increases that are observed under digital microscope.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the comparison between cascaded H-bridge and three phase three wire (3P2L) based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). The i cosθ control strategy is applied for the topologies for the power conditioning. The purpose of the comparative study is to select the suitability of particular topology for low voltage distribution system. The control strategy algorithm is formulated for the two configuration using mathematical formulations in MATLAB or Simulink. In comparison with the cascaded H-bridge, the 3P2L based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) exhibits more effectiveness in improvising the power factor correction, power quality improvement, voltage regulation, voltage stability, harmonics reduction in source current with respect to the disturbances caused due to different loading phenomena.

In this study, the design and implementation of a new hybrid soft computing control technique called Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP)-based icosϕ is proposed. Two different compensation techniques are evaluated for the performance analysis of three-phase three-wire (3P3W) voltage source converter (VSC)-based DSTATCOM. The first one is the conventional icosϕ control technique whereas the other one is called the LMBP-based icosϕ control technique. The better power quality of the system is obtained using the proposed control algorithm by maintaining a less voltage across the capacitor as compared to the conventional one. So, the reduction in the size of the DSTATCOM is realised by the LMBP-based control algorithm. Furthermore, the performance parameters such as load balancing, harmonics elimination, power factor improvement, and voltage regulation are evaluated under both balanced and unbalanced loading conditions as per the IEEE guidelines. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is studied in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and also validated with a low power rated prototype experimental results.

In this research work, bidirectional Z source inverter(ZSI) supported DSTATCOM is utilized for Plug-in Electric vehicle(PEV) charging station. The PEV are being replaced by the conventional vehicles to reduce atmospheric pollution and reduce fuel consumption. A ZSI supported DSTATCOM is presented in this research work to improving the power quality of a power system and PEV charging station by using the Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory (ISCT) control technique. This system is presented for decreasing harmonics on the supply signals and elimination of large currents in the system due to a fault in the power system and PEV charging station. ZSI acts as a multi converter and has a feature of buck/boost. The power quality aspects are governed by the various standards such as the IEEE-519-1992 standard. The results are extracted using extensive digital simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

The requirement of a robust and adaptive control algorithm in active filters is inevitable nowadays. In this paper, an ADAptive LINEar neuron (ADALINE) based Least Mean Square (LMS) control algorithm is proposed for a three-phase-four-wire (3P4W) distribution power system under unbalanced loading conditions. The proposed controller has a unique inbuilt characteristic to extract the fundamental active positive sequence component from an unbalanced load current. Particularly, the control algorithm is intended to calculate an adaptive and suitable amplitude for the three-phase reference source currents which are used for the switching pulse generation in the subsequent steps. Moreover, the Distribution STATic COMpensator (DSTATCOM) is performed to eliminate harmonic contents of supply current and harmful excessive neutral current in the system. Further, the DC-link voltage is regulated in order to reduce the power loss across the DSTATCOM, and to attain a balanced, high-quality power availability at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The proposed system is accomplished in the MATLAB2014a/Simulink, and a low power rated 3P4W DSTATCOM prototype incorporating with the dSPACE1104 real-time environment to verify the proposed control algorithm.

This paper presents an ALMS-NN (Adaptive Least Mean Square Neural Network) controller based algorithm strategy for the three phase three wire (3p3w) Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) system. The vital aim of active power conditioning is to manage disparate power quality apropos issues such as mitigation of harmonics in both current as well as voltage, voltage balancing and voltage regulation, compensation of reactive power and power factor correction (PFC) in the power distribution network. An adaptive control algorithm (ALMS-NN) is carried out to extract the compensating reference source currents for shunt and instantaneous p-q control theory to extract the reference source voltage for series active power filters (APFs) of UPQC. Moreover, the voltage source converters (VSC) of the UPQC are triggered by using these reference currents and voltages and performances are compared under uneven loading conditions. The effectuality of the ANN controller algorithm is depicted on the basis of mathematical equation with in-depth simulation study by applying MATLAB/SIMULINK tool in parallel with real-time implementation by RTDS (real time digital simulator).

This paper is about power quality improvement which analyse the comparison between 3P2LVSI (voltage source inverter) and cascaded H-bridge 3L inverter based dual distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). For these topologies the operation of DSTATCOM is providing the switching pulses by using instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT) along with PI controller. The comparative analysis is to select the particular level used for power quality improvement within distribution system. Both the topologies are use to control the ISCT controller algorithms which are use to formulated on the basis of a mathematical equations by using MATLAB/Simulink. In comparison with the 3P2L VSI and cascaded H-bridge3L inverter based dual distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) demonstrates more power quality improvements and DC link capacitor voltage, voltage balancing, and source current distortion of harmonic reduction under at the disturbance influence caused by at the balanced nonlinear load condition.

The traditional electrical utility system (EUS) suffers from different severeties to settle down the better power quality (PQ). These are voltage unbalancing, low power factor, harmonic content and improper voltage regulation etc. These above remedies play the most imperative task in EUS. The importance of the Distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) is selected by the control algorithm used for extraction of refernce current components. In this research, two kinds of the topologies such as two level and three level are implemented in the DSTATCOM for compensation. Particularly, icosθ control algorithm has been implemented to generate proper switching signals for the three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) based DSTATCOM. Moreover, a comparative analysis is made between the two level and three level based DSTATCOM under various non linear loading conditions, to check the effectiveness of the DSTATCOM. Observations are resolved using MATLAB/Simulink and power system toolbox by considering benchmark value of the IEEE-519-2014 grid code.

In this paper, a comparative study of neural network based adaptive least mean square (ALMS) learning mechanism with traditional instantaneous active and reactive (p-q) control technique is proposed for 3-ϕ, 3-wire distribution system. The voltage source converter (VSC) based proposed Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), aims to manage the power quality (PQ) problems. The ALMS-NN controller is implemented by its own learning mechanism using embedded system toolbox which combines various weighting parameters such as learning rate, step size to obtained compensating reference current and voltage for the triggering of VSC based UPQC. Similarly, the p-q control method is implemented for UPQC for comparison purpose. Among these two control method, the ALMS provides better voltage regulation, suppression of total harmonic distortion, load balancing, power factor correction and rating of UPQC is also reduced. The effectiveness of ALMS controlled UPQC over traditional p-q control method is portrayed by vigorous simulation using MATLAB/Simulink software in parallel with real-time implementation by RTDS (real time digital simulator).

Economical cost of energy consumption plays an important role in power distribution system. So, different kinds of custom power devices (CPD) are used to have shrinking financial issues. The purpose of using CPD devices is to supply useable power by reshaping into a smooth AC waveform. The different power quality (PQ) solutions like power to the grid with low harmonics, voltage balancing, Unit power factor (UPF) correction, and better voltage regulation which needs high power inverters with higher competence. MLI (Multi-level Inverter) topology is used to synthesize multilevel waveform. In this paper three level and fifth level inverter topology are implemented in DSTATCOM (Distributed Static Compensator) for satisfactory compensation performance. From this comparision, level of inverter, THD reduction and other issues are analyzed. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink with sim power tool box, emphasize the capability of the fifth level VSI over three level VSI.

This research work presents the comparison analysis between an unique structure of T-type inverter and conventional two-level VSI for enhanced reactive power compensation capability in three phase three wire (3P3W) low and medium voltage power utility system (PUS). The icos θ control technique is designed for both types of distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) to improve the power quality (PQ) of PUS. Here, the T-type inverter is designed by introducing a common source unit with 12 insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches. But, the conventional VSI shows its advantages over the T-type inverter such as, reduced number of switches, trouble-free maintenance, higher reliability, improved PQ and reduced total harmonic distortion THD. To justify the capability of traditional VSI based DSTATCOM, results are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software taking into consideration of benchmark value of the IEEE-2030-7-2017 grid code.

This research work explains the integration of power electronics based device for reactive power compensation, known as distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). It is being utilised commonly in modern power distribution systems to mitigate the Power quality (PQ) associate problems. This paper examined the capability and performance of an inductor coupled T-type VSI (ICTV) based DSTATCOM. The designed topology is combination of inductor in series with the T-type inverter which is demonstrated as a power conditioner for three phase three wire (3P3W) distribution network. ICTV has unique features like improved power factor, better voltage regulation, lower total harmonic distortion THD, lower component rating and constant DC current from the source. ICTV, compared to the traditional two-level VSI, highlights some useful compensation, like THD reduction and reliability during the entire operation. Simulation study is analyzed using sim power tool box of MATLAB/Simulink software to verify the characteristics and compensation performance of both the varieties of the DSTATCOM using the icos Θ control technique.

Partial shading is a commonly encountered issue in a photovoltaic (PV) system. Analytical modeling of a PV system for studying the effects of partial shading with and without bypass diode as well as different orientation of PV modules is discussed here. In this work, a new Ring Pattern (RP) configuration is proposed and compared with Series Parallel (SP), Total cross tied (TCT), Bridge linked (BL) and examined under same shading pattern on the basis of maximum power and fill factor. Those models are studied and their performances were compared on the basis of global peak under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Each network connection was analyzed taking care of the non-linearity of the PV cell which is evaluated by using Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws. The simulation and experimental study conclude that the proposed RP configuration exhibits superior performance over SP, TCT and BL configurations in terms of maximum power and fill factor.

The assessment of the shunt compensation allied power quality glitches bounds the design and modelling of a controller for the d-FACTS (Distribution Flexible Alternating current Transmission System) device. So, Kernel Hebbian least mean square (KHLMS) is proposed for controlling the distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) in this study. The KHLMS is the improved version of an adaptive LMS (ALMS), which is designed by using a suitable pattern of learning mechanism. Both the controller algorithms are formulated on the basis of mathematical equations using MATLAB/Simulink. In accordance with the system variation adaptability and experimental application, each phase controller is configured as an independent neural network structure. The objective of control algorithms is used for the extraction of fundamental active and reactive components from load currents for the generation of the reference source currents. In comparison with the ALMS algorithm, the KHLMS demonstrates more effective in improving the voltage regulation at DC link capacitor, voltage balancing, source current harmonic reduction, and power factor correction under the disturbance influences caused by even and uneven loading.

This paper presents a Modified Leaky Least Mean Square (MLLMS) control algorithm for a three-phase Supercapacitor based Shunt Active Power Filter (SSAPF) to mitigate the power quality problems in the grid. Specially, alleviation of Source current harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing in the system are realised by the efficient control algorithm. The tuned weighted values of fundamental active and reactive power components of harmonic rich three-phase load current are extractedin order to generate reference source currents. After that, the switching signals for the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) of the SSAPF are generated to maintain its DC-link voltage constant. Also, the Supercapacitor is coupled with the VSC maintain constant DC-link voltage and eliminates the ripple during faults in the system. The performance of the SSAPF using MLLMS control algorithm is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software.

In this paper, a fuel cell is integrated into a voltage source inverter (VSI) based DSTATCOM for power quality improvement in a distribution system. An efficient control technique called 'i-cos-theta' (IcosΘ) control algorithm is chosen to make the distribution system stable and harmonics free even under unbalanced load (single phase fault) condition. The fuel cell is intended to maintain the DC-link voltage of the VSI-DSTATCOM so that excess switching losses and conduction loss of the DSTATCOM due to a single phase fault, can be eradicated. The DC-link voltage is almost constant during steady-state operation, and even an acceptable voltage regulation of 3.35% is achieved during fault conditions. Further, the system supply current is maintained balance, and has the total harmonic distortion (THD) well-below 5%, thus it is satisfying the IEEE-519 standard on the harmonic limit. Moreover, simulation of the proposed system has been performed in SimPowerSystem (SPS)/MATLAB Simulink software.

The next generation of power system is expected to be more complex and sensitive. Therefore, controllers implemented for a custom power device must be efficient and adaptive. In order to mitigate the power quality problems, a Modified Leaky Least Mean Square (MLLMS) control algorithm for a three-phase Supercapacitor based Shunt Active Power Filter (SSAPF) is proposed in this paper. Especially, the efficient control algorithm meant for power quality improvement by compensating source current harmonics, load unbalancing and reactive power flow in the system. Suitable switching pulses required for Voltage Source Converter (VSC) of the SSAPF are generated followed by the reference current generation and extraction of fundamental active and reactive power components from harmonic rich three-phase load currents. The supercapacitor is coupled with the VSC to make the DC-link voltage constant and ripple free during faults in the system. The performance of the SSAPF using a MLLMS control algorithm is conducted in the MATLAB software.

Present investigation focuses design & simulation study of a three phase three wire DSTATCOM deploying a conjugate gradient back propagation (CGBP) based icos ϕ neural network technique. It is used for various tasks such as source current harmonic reduction, load balancing and power factor correction under various loading which further reduces the DC link voltage of the inverter. The proposed technique is implemented by mathematical analysis with suitable learning rate and updating weight using MATLAB/Simulink. It predicts the computation of fundamental weighting factor of active and reactive component of the load current for the generation of reference source current smoothly. It's design capability is reflected under to prove the effectiveness of the DSTATCOM. The simulation waveforms are presented and verified using both MATLAB & real-time digital simulator (RTDS). It shows the better performance and maintains the power quality norm as per IEEE-519 by keeping THD of source current well below 5%.

The scarcity of quality power is one of the ultimate cause is due to the fast growth of nonlinear load in power distribution system. In this paper, PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell supported three-leg Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is involved for harmonics elimination, load balancing, unity power factor operation and voltage regulation under both balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loading conditions. The Adaline Least mean square (LMS) control scheme is proposed for switching signal generation voltage source converter (VSC). The two PI controllers are used in both DC side and AC side to adjust the constant voltage respectively, which helps in regulating the DC link voltage of DSTATCOM. The proposed system including DSTATCOM is simulated to observe performance in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

A new hybrid control technique called gradient descent back propagation (GDBP)-based i cos φ for a three phase two-level distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) to perform the functions such as harmonic mitigation, power factor correction under reactive loads, which further reduces the DC link voltage across the self-supported capacitor of voltage source converter (VSC). The weighted value of fundamental active and reactive components of load currents are extracted using the proposed control technique to generate the reference source currents. Furthermore, these currents are used to trigger the VSC of the DSTATCOM. The effectiveness of this control technique is demonstrated through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK and sim power system tool boxes. The real-time implementation of DSTATCOM is also realised by real-time digital simulator. These results reveal the robustness of the proposed DSTATCOM as it is showing outstanding harmonic compensation capabilities under the various loading conditions and keeping the total harmonics distortion of the source current well <5%, the limit imposed by IEEE-519 standard.

The performance of a distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) is decided by an appropriate system topology as well as control algorithm. A Z-source inverter (ZSI) based DSTATCOM is introduced in this paper to improve the power quality of a three phase distribution system using the icosΘ (i-cos-Theta) control algorithm. Mainly, the proposed system is presented for harmonics mitigation of the supply signals and elimination of excessive current in the system due to a single phase fault in the load. Simulation results indicate that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply current is found good, and it is satisfied the IEEE-519 standards on the harmonic limit and also the supply is almost balanced during the fault condition. All the simulation activities of the system are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software.

Nowadays, the selection of a suitable adaptive controller for a Distribution STATic COMpensator (DSTATCOM) is a tough job for the researchers due to the complexity of the power system. The performance of the DSTATCOM depends on the effectiveness of the control algorithm. This paper presents a Sparse Least Mean Square (SLMS) control algorithm for a three-phase DSTATCOM to mitigate the power quality problems. Specifically, the control algorithm is implemented to compensate current harmonics, reactive power and load unbalancing. The reference source currents are generated followed by extracting the weighted values of fundamental active and reactive power components of harmonic rich three-phase load current. The intention of the proposed control algorithm is to generate appropriate switching signals for the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) of the DSTATCOM in order to maintain its DC-link voltage constant. The simulation is performed in the MATLAB software.

Power Quality Issues are the main challenging issues in a distributed power system due to the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid and huge utilization of semiconductor-based devices. In this paper, a supercapacitor based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM)is presented to mitigate the power quality problems. The compensator (Supercapacitor based DSTATCOM) mainly focused on harmonics mitigation, unbalanced current reduction, power factor correction and reactive power compensation of the power system. The dc-link voltage of the DSTATCOM is regulated by the supercapacitor throughout the compensation process very quickly. Electrical energy from the grid is stored by the supercapacitor during off-peak hours and delivered back to the grid during peak hours for system stability, reliability and power quality improvement. The instantaneous symmetric component theory (ISCT) control strategy is used to generate the gate signals for IGBTs of the voltage source converter (VSC) based DSTATCOM. Also, total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply current is maintained well below the IEEE standards on the harmonic limit. The proposed system has been simulated in the SimPowerSystem (SPS)/Matlab-Simulink environment to verify its effectiveness over conventional DSTATCOM.

This research work introduces a new hybrid technique called quasi-Newton back-propagation based icosφ control algorithm. Its structure is constructed on the concept of biological features like input neuron, target neuron, weight correction and more attractive due to its parallel computing, learning capability behaviour. Systematic step-by-step procedures are represented by mathematical equations in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The fundamental weighted values of active and reactive power components of load currents are extracted using the proposed control technique to generate the reference source currents. Further, the reference source currents are used to generate switching pulses for voltage source converter (VSC) of the distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). It is capable enough to perform several functions such as harmonic mitigation, power factor correction, load balancing and voltage regulation which further reduce the DC link voltage across the self-supported capacitor of the VSC. Simulation and experimental validation demonstrates better performance of the suggested algorithm for operation of the DSTATCOM at different loading conditions.

A propounded control strategy called naive back propagation (NBP)-based icosφ is implemented in designing of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in this study. The performance of the DSTATCOM using both the proposed and icosφ control technique are compared under varying load condition in the three-phase three-wire (3P3W) distribution system. The extraction of both tuned active as well as reactive weighting components are obtained from the accuracy of the control algorithm with respect to proportional-integral controllers. The comparative study reveals with source current harmonics reduction, voltage regulation, load balancing, power factor correction and sizing of VSC. The results demonstrate the robustness of the DSTATCOM in order to show the superiority, reliability, robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach compared with the conventional one. The effectiveness of both the algorithms are validated through the simulation using MATLAB and real-time implementation conducted in real time digital simulator (RTDS) environment, showing the power quality indices.

In this paper, a novel hybrid control approach has been considered which includes an artificial neural network (ANN), a zig-zag transformer and hysteresis current controllers (HCC) for a distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). The hybrid controller is used for reduction of line current harmonics and for improvement of power factor in the system. The proposed controller pushes the source current into a sinusoidal one and tries to make it in phase with line voltage. Two main controls are offered for it: estimation of weighting factor of three phase load current and hysteresis switching algorithm for driving the voltage source converter (VSC) of DSTATCOM. The ANN with a suitable learning rate has been used to determine the compensator optimization. A zig-zag transformer is employed for neutral current reduction in the system. Simulation results are obtained for validation of the proposed DSTATCOM in the entire power system using MATLAB/Simulink and Power system tool boxes.

Distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) is an important power device for mitigation of harmonics, power factor correction and voltage regulation in a distributed network. This paper describes the conception and simulation of a three-phase VSC based DSTATCOM for a three phase ac mains feeding to linear and nonlinear loads. The operation of DSTATCOM is governed by a novel control technique known as neural network (NN) or artificial neural network (ANN). ANN based DSTATCOM has been used, in order to maintain the direct current link voltage. Hysteresis current controller is employed to generate switching signals for the voltage source converter (VSC). To obtain the switching signals for the operation of DSTATCOM, the source reference current is compared with the sensed source current and it is fed to the hysteresis controller. Simulation results show the better results using ANN controller over the conventional PI controller. The DSTATCOM is verified using the simulations in Matlab/Simulink.

In this paper, reference current components of a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) are generated by using the popular control technique called instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT). The performance of this method has been investigated under unbalanced loading conditions followed by the new IEEE Standard 1459 on power definitions. Performance of source current, source voltage & load current and their corresponding total harmonic distortion (THD) are presented. A supercapacitor is coupled with the DSTACOM to control its DC-link voltage rapidly within a reasonable time. An unbalanced non-linear loads supplied by a three-phase, four-wire distribution system is considered for the simulation study by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. A spilt type capacitor is taken in voltage source converter (VSC) of the DSTACOM to compensate the neutral current in the system effectively. The control strategy behaved the better performance when DSTATCOM is coupled with a supercapacitor than the conventional DSTATCOM.

Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is a widely used custom power device in distributed network to perform the power quality improvement tasks like harmonics reduction, power factor correction and maintain reduces constant dc bus voltage. This paper investigates a new topology based on a Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) coupled with a supercapacitor for power quality enhancement. The proposed topology includes of a voltage source converter (VSC) based DSTATCOM, a DC-DC bidirectional chopper and a supercapacitor. The supercapacitor is used to control the reduced dc-bus voltage. The popular instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT) control strategy is used to generate the switching pulses for controlling the IGBTs of the VSC. Simulations of the proposed system have been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to show its effectiveness over traditional DSTATCOM for power quality issues.

This paper describes a new control approach called Adaptive linear neuron (ADALINE) based Least mean square (LMS) algorithm used in a three phase four wire (3P4W) distribution system under single phase fault condition. Three phase reference supply currents are generated by using the proposed control technique thereafter they compared with the corresponding sensed supply currents to produce switching pulses for the IGBTs of a four leg voltage source converter (4-leg VSC) based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). In this paper, the DSTATCOM is used for voltage regulation, power factor correction and elimination of distorted/unbalanced source current & excessive neutral current in the system. MATLAB/SimPowerSystem environment is used to simulate the distribution system under both fault and without fault conditions.

In this paper, a new competent control approach is implemented to investigate the performance of a Distribution STATic COMpensator (DSTATCOM) in a three phase balanced nonlinear load supplied by a three-phase AC mains. The modern control approach, ADALINE based LMS algorithm is used to produce the switching pulses for the voltage source inverter (VSI) of DSTATCOM followed by the generation of reference source current. The performance of the DSTATCOM is analysed under single phase fault condition. System stabilization, harmonic mitigation of source current and alleviation of unbalanced supply current are achieved successfully using the control approach under single phase fault condition. The simulations of the proposed system are performed in a MATLAB/Simulink software.

This paper presents the modelling and implementation of a three-phase DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) using an efficient control algorithm for power conditioning. This is one of an effective way for harmonic suppression, load balancing and reactive power compensation at distorted PCC (Point of Common Coupling) voltages under nonlinear loads. It is hoped at providing a broad perspective on the status of DSTATCOM control methods to researchers and application engineers dealing with harmonic cancellation issues. The proposed scheme consists of a zigzag transformer, double tuned filter, rectifiers, voltage source converter of the DSTATCOM. A fuzzy logic controller & traditional PI controller are used to control the neutral current & dc link voltage under both balanced & unbalanced loading conditions. Simulation studies are showing the better performance of three-phase DSTATCOM using MATLAB SIMULINK & power system toolboxes.