Parents of children with disabilities confront numerous challenges from childbirth, sorted into five types. First, emotional hurdles, emerging during childbirth, involve denial, guilt, anger, depression, anxiety, bargaining, fear, exhaustion, and stress. Second, financial burdens, encompassing treatment expenses, medications, equipment, and employment obstacles, significantly impact parents. Third, educational challenges faced by disabled parents include funding gaps, school barriers, ac-commodation shortages, negative attitudes, scheme unawareness, communication barriers, and power dynamics. Fourth, social obstacles, such as stigma, support deficiencies, loneliness, and community bias, affect parents directly and indirectly. Lastly, health challenges, like physical ailments, stress, weight management, and neglecting self-care, affect both parents. These challenges intertwine, necessitating comprehensive understanding and targeted assistance. This chapter explores these complexities, assesses their impact, and examines potential solutions. © 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Green smart cities are the collaborative hub linked with business, government, education, and the public to generate comfortable living in urban environments by encouraging change with scientific-based problem-solving. In simple terms, green smart cities are technologically advanced in solving problems without harming the environment. For implementing green smart cities, developed and developing countries are collaborating and signing a memorandum of understanding with one another. Government representatives, educators, and the general public should cooperate to successfully make a green smart city. Global connectedness, productivity, efficiency, and revolution are possible through green smart cities. Meanwhile, poorly regulated green smart cities will result in environmental difficulties such as socioeconomic inequalities, poor public safety, and conservational destruction. Furthermore, implementing green smart cities is not a simple strategy. This chapter discusses the challenges and issues in green smart cities' implementation.

Cyberbullying refers to using digital technologies such as cyberspace, societal broadcasting platforms, direct messaging, and email to bother, intimidate, or harm others. This chapter provides an indication of cyberbullying, including its definition, incidence, and impact on individuals and society. Firstly, the chapter reviews the existing research on cyberbullying, exploring its different forms and characteristics and the psychological and social consequences for both victims and perpetrators. Secondly, the role of technology in facilitating and exacerbating cyberbullying is also examined, focusing on the anonymity and distance that online platforms provide. Thirdly, legal and ethical considerations surrounding cyberbullying including the challenges of enforcing laws and policies online are explored. Finally, the chapter highlights the importance of a comprehensive and collaborative approach involving parents, educators, policymakers, and online platforms to address cyberbullying.

Objective: Studies on the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in Kashmir, India, are yet to be conducted. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of ACEs among young adults across all the ten districts of Kashmir Valley. Methods: A cross-sectional research strategy was used to assess the prevalence of ACEs by employing a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected from 800 students studying in different colleges and universities in Kashmir with the help of the “Adverse Childhood Experiences” (ACEs) scale. Results: Findings disclosed that less than a quarter of the respondents reported high exposure to ACEs (15.4 %), more than one-tenth of the participants reported extremely high exposure to ACEs (13.4 %), over a quarter of the sample reported moderate exposure to ACEs (26.3 %), one-third of the youth reported low exposure to ACEs (33.0 %) and over one-tenth of the respondents reported no exposure to ACEs (11.8 %). The prevalence of ACEs was found to be 88.2 % (females: 82.7 % and males: 90.8 %) in Kashmir. The ACEs with the highest level of prevalence were “often or very often sworn at, insulted, or put down” (49.8 %), followed by “often or very often acted in a way that made them afraid that they would be physically hurt” (47.6 %), “often or very often pushed, grabbed, shoved, or slapped” (41.6 %), “often or very often hit so hard that they had marks or were injured” (28.3 %) and “touched or sexually fondled” (25.3 %). Thirteen out of 21 adverse events during childhood were significantly associated with gender. Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to advocate early targeted interventions, reduce ACEs and their impact, and design efficient measures to improve the health and well-being of young adults in Kashmir. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd