A quadral-duty digital pulse width modulation (QDPWM) control-based hardware accelerator for the auxiliary permanent magnet brushed DC (PMDC) motors of electric three-wheelers (E3Ws) is proposed. The proposed accelerator involves a precise motor speed calculation circuit, including a buffer to hold the position encoder signal for a predefined number of clock cycles to eliminate encoder signal noise. The proposed hardware accelerator is described with supporting mathematical models and is implemented on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as well as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) platforms using SCL 180 nm CMOS technology library. The ASIC implementation at 12.5 MHz shows that the proposed design has significantly less area and power consumption than the conventional PI-PWM controller-based architecture and is comparable to the dual-duty digital pulse width modulation (DDPWM) controller. The proposed FPGA prototype-driven motor attains a wider speed range with low-speed ripple than DDPWM controller-based architecture. The position signal buffer circuit also enables the accelerator to tolerate noise or glitches in the position encoder signal, which makes the speed calculation precise and reliable. The proposed hardware accelerator-based PMDC drive performance has been validated regarding settling time, speed tracking ability, tolerance to dynamic speed, and load variations on a laboratory test setup

The rising demand for sustainable transportation has sparked significant interest in solar-powered electric vehicles (EVs). However, integrating solar energy into EV drivetrains, particularly those using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), presents challenges due to the occasional nature of solar power needed for consistent vehicle performance under varying environmental conditions. This paper introduces a high-performance solar-fed PMSM system for electric vehicles, incorporating advanced control techniques and an intelligent energy management strategy (EMS). The system employs Field-Oriented Control (FOC) for precise motor speed regulation and a Fuzzy Logic-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to optimize solar energy harvesting. A lithium-ion battery serves for efficient energy storage, enabling the system to store and use solar power effectively. The EMS dynamically allocates energy between the solar panels, battery, and motor, maximizing energy efficiency and extending the vehicle's range. The system was tested in MATLAB/Simulink simulations and validated using dSPACE DS1104 hardware for real-time control. The simulation results, coupled with hardware testing, demonstrate improved energy efficiency and reduced reliance on external charging sources. These findings position solar-powered EVs as a competitive and sustainable solution for the future, offering significant benefits to industries in EV manufacturing and renewable energy. The integration of solar power not only enhances sustainability but also addresses the growing demand for green and efficient transportation

This paper introduces a new leg-integrated switched capacitor inverter (LISCI) structure for efficient three-phase induction motor operations powered by solar panels. Traditional inverter configurations often face challenges related to efficiency, size, and cost. The presented LISCI structure addresses these issues by integrating switched capacitor networks directly within the inverter legs, offering significant improvements in performance and compactness. Key features of the LISCI structure include reduced component count, enhanced voltage gain, and improved harmonic performance. The inverter’s innovative design enables it to achieve higher efficiency by minimizing switching losses and optimizing power distribution. Additionally, the integrated capacitors contribute to a more stable voltage output, critical for the reliable operation of three-phase induction motors

A new customized multi-level inverter (MLI) configuration is proposed for induction motor drive, aiming to lower the requirement of DC bus voltage magnitude. This method utilizes pole pair winding coils separately to generate multi-level voltage waveform across the total stator phase windings. As the inverter requires lower input voltage it eliminates the requirement of boost converters when it is used in the EV applications. The inherent advantages of this topology significantly reduce control complexity in the battery systems by reducing the number of series-connected battery cells. The conventional LevelShifted Sine Triangle PWM technique proficiently shifts low-frequency harmonics to the carrier frequency, enhancing power quality and minimizing electromagnetic interference. Through MATLAB simulation, this new customized multi-level inverterfed open-end stator winding Induction motor is simulated and results are presented to validate the proposed concept. Ultimately, our research aims to contribute to advancing electric vehicle technology by operating the induction motor with minimal input DC source voltage, and substantial output gain

A hybrid switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) based induction heating (IH) system, which combines multilevel inverter (MLI) and autoclave load is proposed to enhance the performance of the system for IH applications. The primary disadvantage of MLI is it requires numerous switches and dc sources. As a result, the size, cost, and complexity of MLI rises, and its efficiency declines. To overcome this issue SCMLI is considered to fed the autoclave load. In comparison to conventional MLI the proposed topology utilizes less number of components with boosting capability. Moreover this topology offers lower harmonic distortion and higher efficiency. To provide the gate signals to the switches phase disposition pulse width modulation technique (PDPWM) is adopted. Also the mathematical modelling of the litz wire based coil is performed to calculate the accurate resistance and inductance of the coil. To validate the performance of hybrid system, MATLAB simulation and laboratory results are provided.

Quadratic Boost Converters (QBC) has merged as the proficient solution, which provides high step-up dc output from a low dc voltage. Significant circuit modification in QBC as proposed in recent-art topologies with QBC combination requires higher number of components to achieve very high step-up output. To address the shortcomings of the existing structures, a novel QBC with Switched Capacitor (SC) utilizing a single switch is proposed in this work. Two inductors, four capacitors and five diodes are required to step-up the voltage to almost 750 V from a 48 V dc source at 0.65 duty cycle. A detailed analysis is conducted on the proposed converter's functioning in both continuous and discontinuous modes. The performance of the proposed converter is analyzed with respect to design of components and stress across all the components. Power losses are evaluated in detail considering the parasitic elements. Simulation and detailed analytical results are acquired to justify the feasibility of the proposed converter. © 2024 IEEE.

In many applications, the cascaded multilevel inverter (C-MLI) architecture is used. However, the primary disadvantage of this kind of inverter is that the C-MLI requires numerous switches and segregated dc sources. As a result, the size, cost, and complexity of C-MLI rises and its efficiency declines. This paper proposes quadruplex boost switched capacitor Half Bridge Cascaded Single Source Multilevel Inverter (SC-HBCMLI) fed induction heated load. In comparison to conventional cascaded bridge inverter the proposed topology utilizes less number of components with boosting capability. Moreover this topology offers lower harmonic distortion and higher efficiency. To provide the gate signals to the switches level shifted pulse width modulation technique (LSPWM) is adopted. To validate the performance of developed topology, MATLAB simulation and laboratory results are provided

The equivalent circuit of a voltage source inverter (VSI) fed brushless DC (BLDC) motor is similar to a buck converter supplied brushed DC motor. This analogy derives a linear relationship between the duty ratio and motor speed for continuous current conduction mode (CCCM). However, this relationship is not linear for discontinuous current conduction mode (DCCM), which is not generally considered in literature while controllers are designed. The DCCM of the BLDC motor driven by unipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled voltage source inverter is analyzed, and corresponding quasi-steady-state model is derived in this paper. The motor speed can be precisely determined by simple computations with the proposed DCCM model, which can lead to complexity reduction in controller design. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been validated by the simulation and experimental analysis.

A customized multi-level inverter configuration designed for driving an induction motor with multiple pole pairs is introduced. Within the induction motor, each pole pair winding coil spaced 360° (electrically) apart maintains the same voltage profile. In our case, two windings in a four-pole induction motor are deliberately disconnected. A dual two-level inverter is used to power each half of the winding, so two such inverters are used to feed the entire stator winding of the induction motor as pole pair windings are disconnected. The single DC source used to power these inverters has a magnitude of Vdc/4, or 25% of input voltage DC bus voltage needed to power a typical Neutral Point Clamped five-level inverter. This new Pulse Width Modulation approach is used to cancel the harmonics at first center band while controlling the inverter output voltage. This method successfully lowers torque ripple by reducing current ripple. Furthermore, power balancing problems are eliminated because the single DC source is supplying the entire topology. The capacitor voltage balancing problems are also resolved because this design is derived using only two-level inverters. Very few changes to the design are needed for the suggested topology; the main change is to disconnect winding coils with the same voltage profile. The efficacy of the proposed inverter employing the innovative PWM technique in the linear modulation region is demonstrated by simulation results utilizing a 5-hp four-pole induction motor in MATLAB (Simulink)