We consider inference upon unknown parameters of the family of inverted exponentiated distributions when it is known that data are doubly censored. Maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates under different loss functions are derived for estimating the parameters. We use Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to draw Markov chain Monte Carlo samples, which are used to compute the Bayes estimates and construct the Bayesian credible intervals. Further, we present point and interval predictions of the censored data using the Bayesian approach. The performance of proposed methods of estimation and prediction are investigated using simulation studies, and two illustrative examples are discussed in support of the suggested methods. Finally, we propose the optimal plans under double censoring scheme.

The production of complex structures out of a variety of materials has undergone a revolution due to the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Initially confined to applications such as magnetic actuators and two-dimensional electric or electronic circuits, the convergence of 3D printing and metallization methods has emerged as a revolutionary approach. This synergy facilitates the creation of functional and customizable metal-polymer hybrid structures characterized by high strength, lightweight properties, intricate geometric designs, and superior surface finish. These structures also exhibit enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as optical reflectivity. This paper reviews techniques to improve the effectiveness of 3D-printed polymer antennas and structures by using various techniques of metallization. The metallization processes are examined, and a classification based on the materials employed is presented to facilitate comparisons that highlight the optimal utilization of materials for the fabrication of 3D-printed polymer structures. The main emphasis here is on the effectiveness of different processes in terms of deposition, bonding strength, electrical conductivity, and various characteristics of metallic coatings developed on polymers. This review contributes an in-depth analysis of the latest developments in 3D printing and metallization techniques specifically applied to polymer antennas and structures. The exploration extends to potential applications, challenges encountered, and future prospects within this dynamic field. As AM and metallization continue to evolve, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-the-art methodologies and their implications for the future of polymer-based structures and antennas.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology enables the fabrication of porous structures with complicated and variable geometries, allowing for the equitable distribution of cells and the regulated release of signalling components, which distinguishes it from traditional tissue scaffolding approaches. In 3D bioprinting, various cell-laden materials, including organic and synthetic polymers, have been used to create scaffolding systems and extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue engineering (TE). However, significant technological hurdles remain, including bio-ink composition, printability, customizing mechanical and biological characteristics in hydrogel implants, and cell behaviour guiding in biomaterials. This chapter investigates several methodologies for hydrogel-based bio-inks that can mimic the ECM environment of real bone tissue. The study also looks at the process factors of bio-ink formulations and printing, as well as the structural requirements and production methods of long-lasting hydrogel scaffolds. Finally, contemporary bioprinting techniques are discussed, and the chapter concludes with an overview of the existing obstacles and probable future prospects for smart hydrogel-based bio-inks/scaffolds in tissue regeneration.

Residential construction materials have undergone a notable evolution within the construction sector. This paper extensively reviews various types of bricks and building materials commonly employed in house construction, categorizing them into classifications such as typical clay, concrete, fly ash, and new materials such as aerated concrete and recycled bricks. The study thoroughly investigates the mechanical, thermal, and environmental potentials of each material, also considering auxiliary building materials like mortar, cement, and bio-materials, which play vital roles in house construction. Its primary objective is to offer valuable insights to architects, engineers, builders, and researchers to facilitate informed decision-making in residential construction projects. It also considers factors such as sustainability and local availability. The research identifies Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) bricks as the optimal choice for residential construction, given their compressive strength of up to 30–40% more than traditional bricks, along with excellent lateral load capacity and displacement ductility, also making them suitable for constructing partition walls. Modifications in composition, such as incorporating coconut and basalt fibres, result in a notable enhancement of approximately 17.4% in thermal insulation with minimal impact on thermal degradation. Ultimately, this review serves as a valuable reference for individuals seeking a deeper understanding of the diverse options available in bricks and building materials for modern residential construction.

Fiber laser welding is conducted on 0.5 mm SS-316L steel plates. Microstructural evaluation in fusion zone (FZ) of welded specimens are investigated at three different welding speeds. Autogenous welding process favors epitaxial grain growth in the FZ. The morphology of delta ferrite changed from skeletal to lathy ferrite with the increase of welding speed and further at higher welding speed of 1000 mm/min cellular structure is developed in FZ. XRD patterns demonstrate the existence of ?-ferrite in FZ at all welding conditions. The tensile properties of weldments are increased with the increase of welding speed due to the change in morphology of austenitic structure in the FZ. Ductile mode of fracture is observed in both base material and the weldments. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

In the current study, the state-of-the-art laser welding process of Inconel alloys are discussed in detail. The review work is mainly focused on the articles that describe the current status, challenges and relationship between the laser welding parameters and related outcomes in laser welding of Inconel alloys in similar and dissimilar configurations. Laser beam welding (LBW) offers precise welding methods, higher speed, and the potential to produce high-quality weld joints with lower deformation and minimal residual stresses in the welded parts. Laser welding is a complicated welding procedure having many controlling variables. But this process is stochastic in nature. Laser parameter is one of the critical variables which controls the weld quality. Inconel alloys belong to the Ni-Cr-based superalloy class acclaimed with remarkable properties such as exceptional strength, excellent fabricability, and corrosion resistance behavior. These alloys are significantly used in many industrial products such as gas turbine blades, aircraft, and marine components. The review highlights laser welding's advantages over conventional welding technologies like arc and gas-welding. This research paper concludes with a key challenge such as process stability, material characterization, and standardization of the laser welding process for Inconel alloys and their opportunities for future research and development. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

This study explores recent advancements in metallizing polymer substrates for electronic applications, particularly through electroless plating with laser-assisted surface pretreatment. The demand for lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective electronic devices has spurred significant research in polymer-based electronics. Electroless plating, which involves integrating metallic layers onto polymer substrates, has emerged as a promising solution, overcoming challenges related to adhesion and compatibility. Laser treatment selectively modifies polymer surfaces, improving their receptivity to metal deposition and enhancing adhesion. Synthesizing recent studies, it examines the impact of laser-assisted surface pretreatment on morphology, chemical composition, and adhesion properties of polymer substrates. Additionally, it addresses challenges in the field, such as uniformity, reproducibility, and scalability. The integration of laser technology with electroless plating presents a synergistic approach, paving the way for multifunctional electronic devices with improved performance and durability. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the latest developments in polymer substrate metallization, emphasizing the role of laser-assisted surface pretreatment in enhancing the efficiency and applicability of electroless plating processes. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.