Milk has a high nutritional value since it includes a range of nutrients required for the human body's regular growth and maintenance. Consumption of milk has increased dramatically in recent decades and it currently makes up a major chunk of the worldwide diet for a huge percentage of the people. Because of such growing demand, some deceitful producers are engaging in milk adulteration and this misconduct has become a prevalent concern, which lacks strong surveillance by food safety officials. Milk is frequently cheated (adulterated) for financial advantage and some common adulterants are formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, urea, water etc. The food sector is concerned about the speedy detection of such adulterants as they reduce the nutritious content of milk, putting customer's health at risk. So, the purpose of this research is to come up with a new design of a very sensitive evanescent wave-based optical sensor to detect various milk adulterants such as formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The sensing structure here is a decladded multimode fiber with an Airy beam shining on it. The detection process is based on the change in transmission loss when a decladded fiber comes into touch with adulterated milk sample. To anticipate accurate sensing, the amounts of adulterants in milk ranged from 0% to 14.28%, with refractive indices varying from 1.34550 to 1.34966 were considered. Moreover, an Eigenmode expansion (EME) study in Lumerical Mode solver has been exploited to corroborate the sensing property of the device, which is in agreement with our theoretical analysis. By considering the sensor length as5?cm, the proposed sensor responded with an admirable sensitivity of 0.05?dB/% (for formaldehyde detection) and 0.04?dB/% (for hydrogen peroxide detection), revealing a 16.66-fold and 20-fold higher sensitivity over the Gaussian-beam shined sensor. The results reveal that there is remarkable linearity between the adulteration level and transmission loss. Thus, the aforementioned principle provides a highly sensitive and simple-to-fabricate approach for detecting various milk adulterations, which might help to tackle severe problems in the food sector.

Oral cancer is a major worldwide health concern that disproportionately affects both men and women in all parts of the globe. The high death rate in underdeveloped nations is primarily attributable to a lack of suitable medical infrastructure and resources to enable a structured screening and diagnosis process. Therefore, early detection of oral cancer is crucial for a patient's survival. Unfortunately, existing screening procedures for oral premalignant and malignant lesions overlook a large percentage of individuals. Moreover, the current clinical approaches for detecting the oral cancerous cell are time-consuming and require the use of labeled reagents for laboratory analysis. Considering such context, this article describes a high-sensitive fiber-optic biosensor that detects oral malignant cells using a Vortex beam. Here, a claddingless multimode fiber with a Vortex beam shining on it serves as the sensing structure. It is based on the conception of multimodal interference in which the output optical power from the fiber end fluctuates due to the presence of various oral cancerous cell (YD-10B cell group) at the cladding medium. To anticipate accurate sensing, theoretical analysis was carried out for two kinds of living cells: the normal INOK cell and the malignant YD-10B cell. An Eigenmode expansion (EME) analysis in Lumerical Mode solver has been properly manipulated to simulate the sensing property of the device. By optimizing the sensing length for 5?cm, the suggested sensor responded with an admirable sensitivity of 644.9?dB/RIU, which unveils a 4.4-fold enhanced sensitivity than the existing Gaussian-beam shined sensor. Thus, the said sensing principle provides a label-free, easy-to-fabricate and straightforward technique to detect oral cancerous cells, which might be beneficial as a biosensor in biophotonics.